The graph of the function $y = 77 + (x+12)^2$ can be obtained from the graph of $y = x^2$ by a combination of two actions. First we

(a) shift the graph of $f(x)$ to the right 12 units;
(b) shift the graph of $f(x)$ to the left 12 units;
(c) vertically stretch the graph of $f(x)$ by a factor 12;
(d) vertically shrink the graph of $f(x)$ by a factor 12;

Your answer is (input a, b, c, or d)

Then we

(e) shift the resulting graph upward 77 units;
(f) shift the resulting graph downward 77 units;
(g) horizontally stretch the resulting graph by a factor 77;
(h) horizontally shrink the resulting graph by a factor 77;

Your answer is (input e, f, g, or h)